Across adulthood, motivational orientation tends to shift from prioritizing gains to prioritizing the prevention of losses. This motivational shift also affects cognition, including declarative memory. In the present research, we investigated value-directed remembering for gain- or loss-related information in a sample of younger (18-30 years), middle-aged (31-59), and older adults (60 – 85)...
Publication bias is the prioritized and selective reporting of scientifically significant results. In contrast to the widespread assumption that this bias arises primarily from editorial desk-rejections, recent research indicates that authors themselves decide much more frequently not to publish or submit their insignificant results. This can mean that a) researchers only submit significant...
Long-term memory is conventionally separated into distinct, interacting subsystems: declarative (DM) and procedural memory (PM). The declarative-procedural (DP) model of language learning posits a neurocognitive shift from reliance on explicit DM retrieval to more efficient, automated PM retrieval for language processing as mastery is achieved, particularly for rule-based grammatical content....
This study examines how educational expansion has impacted the social origin composition of tertiary graduates across Australia, Great Britain, Russia, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United States. Using harmonized longitudinal data from six long-running household panels via the Comparative Panel File for cohorts born between 1948 and 1992, we investigate changes in parental education...
Chronic loneliness is an urgent public health crisis associated with a range of mental and physical health consequences. Though treatments for loneliness exist, they are associated with only modest reductions in loneliness, and loneliness has continued to rise in recent decades. To more effectively treat and prevent loneliness, we need a clearer understanding of why loneliness develops and...
Current concealment literature focuses on how people may conceal identity-relevant features (e.g., sexual orientation) to avoid moral judgments and stigma, but recent research demonstrates people also conceal non-identity-relevant features, such as infectious illness. We investigated this unique concealment context by conducting multiple studies where participants read scenarios describing...
Significant shifts in educational contextual factors occur as preschool children transition into kindergarten (Rimm-Kaufman & Pianta, 2000). The kindergarten environment has a greater emphasis on explicit goals for literacy, numeracy, and socialization as compared to preschool settings (Haines et al., 1989). Given this qualitative shift from preschool to formal schooling, understanding how...
